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[主观题]

If the goods could not arrive in time for the Spring Festival rush, good quality and competitive price would mean nothing at all.（英译中)

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发布时间：2022-12-05

更多“If the goods could not arrive in time for the Spring Festival rush, good quality and competitive pri…”相关的问题

第1题

One of the features of marketing in rural Europe was that ______.A．customers could buy goo

One of the features of marketing in rural Europe was that ______.

A．customers could buy goods according to their particular needs or plan

B．customers could buy goods in good order

C．customers could hardly buy anything in their village

D．the itinerant merchant Could sell similar goods in the region

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第2题

The packing of goods offered does not meet our standards. Could you use packing which

is secure ()breakage？

A、upon

B、of

C、at

D、from

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第3题

The modern capitalism economy could be well developed where ______.A．interregional trade i

The modern capitalism economy could be well developed where ______.

A．interregional trade is substantial

B．people produce the same or similar goods

C．systems of transportation are slowly improved

D．customers can buy goods directly

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第4题

Barter trade is the oldest form of trade, which is a direct exchange of one goods for another deemed

to be of approximately equivalent value without any flow of money taking place. It is a primitive way of exchanging. In primitive society, people exchanged goods according to their needs. But with the development of the civilization, the simple way of exchanging goods could no longer meet the demands of people; therefore, a new but more convenient means-money appeared. But the trade of barter did not totally disappear. In intemational trade, a certain amount of foreign exchange is dispensable. For those countries, which do not have enough foreign exchange, they can solve the problem by choosing barter trade.

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第5题

A trading company of China sold rice to a Japanese Company in June 2006 and the payment was to be ma

de by sight L/C. The total amount of goods was USD65000. The issuing bank of credit overseas designated a bank in China as the advising bank, confirming bank and negotiating bank. After the seller dispatched the goods in November 2006 , he presented the full set of documents including the L/C to the negotiating bank for negotiation. The negotiating bank checked the documents and then sent to the seller a notice indicating that the bank would make payment recently, but the seller had not received the money for a long time.

In December 2007, the negotiating bank advised the seller that the issuing bank dishonored the L/C for the documents were not in accordance with the terms of L/C.

Question: Could the seller get the payment？ Why and how？

(Translate the case into Chinese and then answer the question)

Helpful hint : The case is mainly about confirmed L/C.

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第6题

Key Points Concerning A Sales Contract A sales contract embodies a set of different terms such as q

Key Points Concerning A Sales Contract

A sales contract embodies a set of different terms such as quality, quantity, payments, delivery, and insurance, etc. When the exporter and customer are negotiating, they should consider and agree upon these terms. Apparently, each party hopes to stipulate terms favorable for himself. But arrangements which are advantageous to one party are often disadvantageous to the other party. Therefore, some practical suggestions and tactics should be given adequate importance in negotiation of a contract. In this sector, you will have a look on the problems international trade negotiators may face and suggestions in solving them.

Name of goods

It is recommended that the names of goods to be exported correspond to the names used in the customs lists of the importing country, in order to minimize problems at customs, and to facilitate calculation of import duties.

The exporter should be consistent in the names he uses for his products, referring to them precisely as he does in the catalogs he gives to the importers, for the purpose of avoiding any trouble of breach of an agreement for nonconforming goods.

Quantity

In indicating length, weight, volume and so on, the metric system should be used unless the sale is between countries which use another system.

For goods whose quantity could easily decrease during transportation, the biggest issue will be where and when to establish the quantity as a basis of payment and so on. The buyer wants the quantity to be determined upon receipt of the goods at his warehouse, while the seller wants to establish the quantity at the time of shipment at his plant. This issue can be solved only in connection with the closely related issues of risk of loss and insurance.

Quality

An order specifying goods "as per sample" is apt to lead to trouble, because often it is not made clear that a sample is first requested as a basis for future orders, and because it is not always clear just how much deviation from the sample will be tolerated. It is therefore recommended that the quality of goods be specified by specifications or detailed description of samples and that these specifications or descriptions be made a part of the agreement.

Price

The contract price will be closely related to the conditions of delivery, such as FOB, CFR, or CIF. One of these delivery terms will be chosen after consideration of the economic and political factors involved. The problem here is that these terms are not always understood to mean the same thing. For example, in common practice, delivery is deemed completed, and title to the product and the risk of loss pass to the importer, upon shipment. This definition of delivery is called FOB. However, the definition of FOB under Incoterms differs from the definition used in the USA. Therefore, to avoid the problems arising from the different possible meanings of these terms, it is highly recommended that each of these terms, whenever used in an agreement, be defined in it.

A drastic change in the foreign exchange rate could absorb all the profit expected from a transaction or could even cause a deficit. Both parties, therefore, may wish to establish their right to request a price change or to cancel the agreement in such a case. An importer can avoid this risk of foreign exchange rate by insisting on a price in his own country.

Destination

In the event that the destination port is too crowded , and the exporter's ship must wait for many days to enter the port, transportation expense will necessarily be increased. These will be borne by either the exporter or the importer depending upon the agreements made between the two. Even in CIF or CFR contracts, it is possible to provide that the importer will bear any additional port charge. If a port cannot be safely used because of war, the doctrine of force majeure usually excuses a ship from delivering products at the port. In such a case, the exporter should be allowed to deliver the goods at the nearest port possible, especially when the disabling disturbances continue for some time. In general, it is wise for the exporter to set forth in his contract a list of several ports at which the goods may be delivered.

Insurance

The exporter will want insurance to be taken out to cover war risks, strikes, riots, civil commotion, spontaneous combustion, and other risks of this type which are usually exempted from insurance. The exporter will want this coverage to be at the importer's expense, by means of including the insurance premiums in CIF or CFR prices. Both parties should keep in mind that taking out of insurance will be closely related to the contract clause that allocates the risk of loss. A conlract should make clear when and where the risk of loss or damage passes from the exporter to the importer. The exporter then need not worry about loss or damage after the risk has passed to the importer; and the importer need not worry about insurance covering damages that occur before the risk passes to him.

Customs duty

There will be no dispute over the common practice that customs duties are to be paid by the importer. However, the importer will argue that the exporter must pay any additional duties imposed as a result of the exporter's errors as to quantity or price indication, and that the exporter should pay any additional expense due to the exporter's mistake or mishandling.

The exporter will have to accept such an argument by the importer if the importer has provided clear instructions with regard to labeling, documentation, or other specifications affecting customs procedures with which the exporter has not complied.

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第7题

Exports are of two main kinds, goods and services, the former being known as visible items and the s

econd as invisible. Over a period of time the total value of exports should balance with the total value of imports. To the extent that exports exceed imports we are said to have a favorable balance of payments. To the extent that importers exceed exports the balance of payments is said to be unfavorable or adverse.

Napoleon once called the British " a nation of shopkeepers" . That was intended as an insult , but had he called us a nation of traders it could not have been disputed. In Britain we buy and sell more per head of population than the people of any other country. Our island is too small to grow enough food for our people and so we need to eam enough from our exports to sustain our population.

One complication of export trade is that each country has its own independent currency system; and another is that many countries impose custom duties or other restrictions on imports.

The would-be exporter is faced with a number of problems. First there is the need to find a customer for his goods. The actual operation of selling is made more difficult because of language barriers and cultural differences. There are also additional transport problems because of the greater distances involved and often unfamiliar territories. When the manufacturer turns from selling at home to selling overseas, his problems are magnified. This is particularly true in terms of finance.

The first financial problem facing the exporter is the time taken to deliver his goods. There could be a long delay while his merchandise is in transit between London and, say, Karachi. He has incurred the costs of production, but when is he going to be paid？ The second problem is even more serious. How sure can he be that he is going to be paid at all？ And even when he receives payment his troubles may not be over. If he is paid for his goods in other currency other than sterling, and what if the other currency has fallen in value since the contract is made？ These are the perennial problems for the exporter.

Fortunately for our exporters and for our economy generally, help is available both from the government and the banks. From the government side, the Export Credits Guarantee Department offers British exporters, in return for a fee, insurance against bad debts incurred as a result of sales to foreign buyers. The Export Intelligence Department also helps by providing them with useful advice and information. The most straightforward method of financing the operations for the exporter is to borrow the necessary funds from his bank. This way he can ship his goods abroad and draw on his bank for the funds needed to carry on production while he is awaiting the proceeds. But of course the borrowings from the bank will lower his p rofit margins.

Another method of financing international trade is by documentary credit. A document known as a bill of exchange is drawn by the importer in favor of the exporter and, although the bill of exchange is a very convenient method of payment for oversea trade, once again it serves to reduce the profit margin for the exporter.

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第8题

Historians have only recently begun io note the increase in demand for luxury goods and se

crviccs that took place in eighteenth century England. McKendrick has explored the Wedgwood firm&39;s remarkable success in marketing luxury pottery. Plumb has written about the proliftration(繁荣的) of provincial theater,music festivals and children&39;s toys and books. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt.three key question remain：Who were the consumers？ What were their motives？ And what were the effects of the new demand for luxuries？ An answer to the first of these has been difficult io obtain. Although it has possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted,only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumer will provide a precise picture of who want what. We still need to know how large consumer market was and how far down the social scale the consumer demand for luxury good penetrated. With regard to last question,we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteenth century English history,has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general:for example,laboring people in eightcenth-century England readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge.heavily capitalized urban breweries(啤酒厂). To answer the question of why consumers became so eager to buy，some historians have pointed to the ability of manufacturers to advertise in a relatively uncensored press.This,however,hardly seems a suficient answer.McKendriek favors a Veblen model of conspicuous consumption stimulated by competition for status. The"middling sort”bought goods and services because they wanted to follow fashions set by the rich, Again, we may wonder whether this explanation is sufficient. Do not people enjoy buying things as a form. of self-gratification？ If so, consumerism could be seen as a product of the rise of new concepts of individualism and materialism, but not necessarily of the frenzy for conspicuous competition. Finally, what were the consequences of this consumer demand for luxuries？ McKen-drick claims that it goes a long way toward explaining the coming of the Industrial Revolution. But doesit？ What, for example , does the production of high-quality-pottery and toys have to do with the development of iron manufacture or textile mills？ It is perfectly possi-ble to have the psychology and reality of a consumer society without a heavy industrial sector. That future exploration of these key questions is undoubtedly necessary should not.however, diminish the force of the conclusion of recent studies:the insatiable(不能满足的)demand in eighteenth-century England for frivolous as well as useful goods and services foreshadows our own world.

In the first paragraph, the author mentions McKendrick and Plumb most probably in order to

A.contrast their views on the subject of luxury consumerism in eighteenth-century England

B.indicate the inadequacy of historiography approaches to eighteenth-century English history

C.give examples of historians who have helped to establish the fact of growing consumerism in eighteenth-century England

D.support the contention that key questions about eighteenth-century-consumerism remain to be answered

Which of the following items, if preserved from eighteenth-century England,would provide an example of the kind of documents mentioned in paragraph 2？A.A written agreement between a supplier of raw materials and a supplier of luxury goods.

B.A diary that mentions luxury goods and services purchased by its author.

C.A theater ticket stamped with the date and name of a particular play.

D.A newspaper advertisement describing luxury goods and services available at a seaside resort.

In the third paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with_____.A.contrasting two theses and offering a compromise

B.questioning two explanations aná proposing a possible alternative to them

C.paraphrasing the work of two historians and questioning their assumptions

D.raising several questions but implying that they cannot be answered

According to the passage a Veblen model of conspicuous consumption has been used to____A.investigate the extent of the demand for luxury goods among social classes in eighteenth-century England

B.classify the kinds of luxury goods desired by eighteenth-century consumers

C.explain the motivation of eighteenth century consumers to buy luxury goods

D.establish the extent to which the tastes of rich consumers were shaped by the middle classes in eighteenth century England

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第9题

Sterling sold consumer goods in great demand but short supply. 斯特林投机倒把兜售紧俏商品。（)

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第10题

According to the laws, companies ______.A．were not allowed to control the marketsB．could n

According to the laws, companies ______.

A．were not allowed to control the markets