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[主观题]

List as many examples of these constituents as you can identify in sentences（a)and（b) b

List as many examples of these constituents as you can identify in sentences(a)and(b) below: NP, PP, VP. List as many examples of these lexical categories as you can identify in sentences(a)and(b): N, prep, V. a. A Guns "N" Roses concert at an arena near ST. Louis ended in disaster after some 2500 fans staged a full-fledged riot. b. The trouble started when Axl Rose asked venue security to confiscate a camera he saw near the front of the stage.

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发布时间：2022-12-04

更多“List as many examples of these constituents as you can identify in sentences（a)and（b) b”相关的问题

第1题

Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past. Memory reall

y is learning. One needs memory to ride a bicycle. A dog needs to remember if it is to come when called.

Memory is said to be stored in the brain as a "memory trace (记忆痕) ". What makes up this trace is not known. Some scientists believe that certain chemical substances may carry certain memories. For example, one substance, when given to rats, causes them to fear the dark.

Other research into memory has to do with how the brain works. Psychologists use three means to find out bow a person remembers. For example, give a person a grocery list. Let the person memorize the list, then put it away. The most natural way to find out how much a person remembers of the grocery list is to ask what he or she remembers. This is called the method of recall. Another method is called recognition. Give the person another grocery list. Ask him or her to choose items on the first list from the items that are on only the second list. Often a person will be able to recognize things that he or she cannot recall. A third method of finding how much a person remembers is called relearning. Here the person is asked to read over the first list. The person will probably learn the list the second time faster than he did the first time. The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thought of as measure of how much a person has remembered.

One way of remembering something is to repeat it many times. Interest is very important. Boring lists of facts are much more difficult to remember than something that we understand and are interested in. Motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important. Motivation is linked with reward. For example, a hungry animal quickly learns how to do something if that action gets the animal food. In humans, wanting to learn is often motivation. The praise of a teacher or the knowledge that an answer is correct is rewarding.

We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that ______.

A．bad memories may cause rats to fear the dark

B．it is hard to tell what a memory trace consists of

C．chemical substances carry certain memories

D．memory is stored in the brain as a substance

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第2题

Many students ______ get frequent help from her.A．such as BushB．Bush for exampleC．as BushD

Many students ______ get frequent help from her.

A．such as Bush

B．Bush for example

C．as Bush

D．Bush is one of them

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第3题

Times for movies and concerts are not listed in this announcement because ______.A．films a

Times for movies and concerts are not listed in this announcement because ______.

A．films and concerts cannot be posted publicly

B．there are too many films and concerts to list

C．the list is not ready yet

D．a film or a concert occurs only on Wednesday

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第4题

Have a look at Paragraphs 7 and 8 to see how a statement is supported by examples. Then fill out the

chart below.

Paras. 7&8

The genetic maps also shed new light on the origins of populations that have long puzzled scientists. Example: the Khoisan people of southern Africa. Many scientists consider the Khoisan a distinct race of very ancient origin. The unique character of the clicking sounds in their language has persuaded some researchers that the Khoisan people are directly descended from the most primitive human ancestors~ But their genes beg to differ. They show that the Khoisan may be a very ancient mix of west Asians and black Africans. A genetic trail visible on the maps shows that the breeding ground for this mixed population probably lies in Ethiopia or the Middle East.

The most distinctive members of the European branch of the human tree are the Basques of France and Spain. They show unusual patterns for several genes, including the highest rate of a rare blood type. Their language is of unknown origin and cannot be placed within any standard classification. And the fact that they live in a region next to famous caves which contain vivid paintings from Europe's early humans, leads Cavalli-Sforza to the following conclusion: "The Basques are extremely likely to be the most direct relatives of the Cro-Magnon people, among the first modern humans in Europe." All Europeans are thought to be a mixed population, with 65% Asian and 35% African genes.

A statement: The genetic maps also shed new light on the origins of populations that have long puzzled scientists.

Example 1:

Many scientists consider the Khoisan a distinct race of very ancient origin, directly descended from the most primitive human ancestors. But the genetic maps show ______ (Para. 7)

Example 2:

The Basques of France and Spain have unusual patterns for several genes and their language of unknown origin cannot be placed within any standard classification. And the fact where they live leads to the conclusion that the Basques are likely to be ______. All Europeans are thought to be a ______. (Para. 8)

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第5题

The Greek historian Herodotus once made a list of the most extraordinary structures in the

world, which was known as the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Swiss explorer Bernard Weber thought the old list needed updating. He wanted everyone to vote for the worlds cultural treasures. In 2001, the New Seven Wonders Foundation was set up, inviting people around the world to vote. A group of building experts later reduced the list to 21 places. From 2006 to July 6, 2007, people around the world voted on their favorite places by using the Internet and cell-phones. There were about one hundred million votes in all. The results were announced on July 7 in a ceremony in Lisbon, Portugal. Here is the new list of world wonders. The Great Wall of China is one of the largest building projects on earth, extending for over 7 000 kilometers and built to defend against foreign invaders. The oldest parts of the wall were built over 2 600 years ago. More recent parts were built about 500 years ago. The emperor Qin Shihuang created the first united China about 2 200 years ago and connected the different parts of the wall into one huge system. Chiehen Itza is a temple city built by the Mayans over 1000 years ago in what is now Mexico. Many large stone structures were built during different periods with different styles. One holy building is a triangular-shaped(三角形的)step pyramid called the Temple of Kukulean. This huge structure has a staircase on each of the four sides that leads to the religious altar(祭坛)at the top. There are many other temples and even a large court area where the Mayans played ball games. Christ the Redeemer(基督像)is a large religious statue on a hill overlooking the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Catholic religious leaders in the city started planning the project in the 1920s. This 38 meter statue of Jesus was completed in 1931. It is made of concrete and soapstone materials. Christ the Redeemer was designed by the Brazilian engineer Heitor da Silva Costa and the French sculptor Paul Landowski.

What is the text mainly about？

A．The New Seven Wonders of the world.

B．The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

C．Bernard Weber"s attempt to update information.

D．The three new wonders of the world.

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第6题

Assembly Language汇编语言Introducing Assembly Language Assembly language unlocks the secrets of you

Assembly Language

汇编语言

Introducing Assembly Language

Assembly language unlocks the secrets of your computer's hardware and software^[1]. It teaches you about the way the computer's hardware and operating system work together and how application programs communicate with the operating system.

To understand a computer and it.s operating system fully, one needs to study software at various levels. One is the application program level, where such programs interact with DOS. Another is the high-level language level, where powerful statements are expanded into many machine instructions recognized directly by CPU (Central Processing Unit), as well as the way programs communicate with DOS.

What Is Assembly Language？

Assembly language is a programming language with a one-to-one correspondence between its statements and a computer's machine language. There is no single assembly language because there is no single type of computer CPU. Each assembly language is directly influenced by a computer's machine instruction set and hardware architecture.

Strictly speaking, IBM-PC assembly language refers to instructions recognized by the intel 8086-80486(CPU) microprocessor family. But there is such close interaction between the CPU, computer peripherals, the DOS operating system, and the macro assembler itself that our discussions will often include all these topics.

What Is An Assembler？

An assembler is a program that converts source-code programs into machine language. In this passage, we will refer to an assembler that generates machine instructions for IBM- compatible microcomputers. All such computers use the Intel family of microprocessors, beginning with the Intel 8088, through the Intel 80486 (and beyond). Our programs will run under the PC-DOS/MS-DOS operating system, version 3. 0 or later. The two best- known assemblers for the IBM-PC are MASM (Microsoft Assembler) and TASM (Borland Turbo Assembler).

Assembly language is a specific set of instructions for a particular computer system. It provides a direct correspondence between symbolic statements and machine language. An assembler is a program that translates a program written in assembly language into machine language, which may in turn be executed by the computer. Each type of computer has a different assembly language, because the computer's design influences the instructions it can execute.

Assembly language is called a low-level language because it is close to machine language in structure and function. We can say that each assembly language instruction corresponds to one machine instruction. In contrast, high-level languages such as Pascal^[2], BASIC^[3], FORTRAN^[4], and COBOL^[5]contain powerful statements that are translated into many machine instructions by a compiler.

Why Learn Assembly Language？

People learn assembly language for various reasons. The most obvious one may be to learn about the computer's architecture and operating system. You may want to learn more about the computer you work with and about the way languages generate machine code. Because of assembly language's close relationship to machine language, it is closely tied to the computer's hardware and software.

You may also want to learn assembly language for its utility. Certain types of programming are difficult or impossible to do in high-level language. For example, direct communication with the computer's operating system may be necessary. A high-speed color graphics program may have to be written using a minimum of memory space. A special program may be needed to interface a printer to a computer. Perhaps you will need to write a telecommunications program for the IBM-PＣ. Clearly, the list of assembly language applications is endless.

Often there is a need to remove restrictions. High-Ievel languages, out of necessity, impose rules about what is allowed in a program. For example, Pascal does not allow a character value to be assigned to an integer variable.[6] This makes good sense unless there is a specific need to do just that. An experienced programmer will find a way around this restriction or rule; nearly everything is left to the discretion of the programmer. The price for such freedom is the need to handle many details that would otherwise be taken care of by the programming language itself.

Assembly language's usefulness as a learning tool should not be underestimateＤ. By having such intimate contact with the operating system, assembly language programmers come to know instinctively is how the operating system works. This knowledge, coupled with knowledge of hardware and data storage, gives them a tremendous advantage when tackling unusual programming problems. They have a different viewpoint than programmers who know only high-level language.

Assembly Language Applications

At first, the assembly language programs presented later will seem almost trivial. Those new to assembly language often cannot believe the amount of work required to perform relatively simple tasks. The language requires a great deal of attention to detail. Most programmers don't write large application programs in assembly language. Instead, they write short, specific routines.

Often we write subroutines in assembly language and call them from high-level language programs. You can take advantage of the strengths of the high-level languages by using them to write applications. Then you can write assembly language subroutines to handle operations that are not available in the high-level language.

Suppose you are writing a business application program in COBOL for the IBM-PＣ. You then discover that you need to check the free space on the disk, create a subdirectory, write a file, and create overlapping windows, all from within the program. Assuming that your COBOL compiler does not do all this, you can then write assembly language subroutines to handle these tasks.

Let's use another example: you might have written a word processing program in C^[7]or Pascal, but it performs slowly when.updating the screen display. If you knew how, you could write routines in assembly language to speed up critical parts of the application and allow the program to perform up to professional standards.

Large application programs written purely in assembly language, however, are beyond the scope of the person who has just finished this book. There are many people who write complete assembly language application program for the IBM-PＣ. The few programmers in this group are familiar with several machine architectures and assemblers, and have been programming professionally for at least several years. These fortunate individuals still had to start with a basic foundation, and this book is intended to help you acquire just that.

Above all, assembly language programmers must know their date, for without a detailed understanding of how each date type is stored(at the bit level) , one might make serious mistakes. High-Ievel programming languages intentionally shield programmers from implementation-specific details, in the name of convenience and source-code portability. Assembly language, in contrast, is highly machine-specific and imposes few, if any, restrictions.

Machine Language

Before we embark on a rather long and detailed study of assembly language, let's put it into perspective. A computer doesn't actually understand assembly language-it understands machine language. Machine language is a language made up of numbers, which can be interpreted by a computer's CPU. A CPU usually has a small program embedded directly in the chip, called microcode. The microcode interpreter translates machine instructions directly into hardware signals.

Machine language makes it possible for the CPU to perform ordinary tasks, such as moving numbers or performing arithmetiＣ. Each CPU has its own machine language; or, in the case of IBM-compatible computers, all CPUs that belong to the intel family (8088, 8086,80186,80286,80386,80486) share a common machine language. This is an example of a machine language instruction that moves 5 into the AL register: 10110000 00000101. The number is written in binary, a number system made up of only the digits 1 and 0. The first 8 bits are the operation code (op code), which identifies it as the instruction that moves an 8-bit number to the AL register. The second 8 bits are the operand^[8]. The complete instruction moves the number 5 to a register called AL. Registers are high-speed storage locations inside the CPU. They are identified by two-letter names, such as AH, AL, or AX.

A CPU's instructions set is the set of machine instruciions that the CPU is able to execute. For the Intel CPU family, the instruction set is downward-compatible, meaning that an instruction that works on a lower-level processor will always work on a higher-level processor. For example, the MOV instruction^[9]works on the 8088, and therefore must work on the 80286. But there are many advanced instructions for the 80286 that do not work on the 8088.

At one time, all programs were written in machine language. But it's easy to see that machine instructions are difficult for humans to read and write. This is why assemblers and compilers were created, which would convert more readable instructions, created by a text editor, into machine language. Instead of writing the machine instruction shown earlier, we would write the following in assembly language:

M o v ah, 5

Notes

[1]unlocks the secrets：揭开了……奥秘。

[2]Pascal(Philips Automatic Sequence Calculator)：菲利浦自动顺序计算机语言。

[3]Basic(Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)：初学者通用符号指令码。

[4]Fortran(Formula Translator)：公式翻译程序设计语言，FORTRAN语言。

[5]COBOL(Common Business-Oriented Language)：面向商业的通用语言，COBOL语言。

[6]For example，Pascal does not allow a character value to be assigned to an integer variable．例如，Pascal语言就不允许给一个整变量赋予字符值。

[7]C：C语言，一种高级程序设计语言，由贝尔实验室开发成功。

[8]Operand：操作数；运算数。

[9]Mov instruction：数据传输指令。

Say whether the following is true or not:

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第7题

Computer Languages 计算机语言 A computer must be given instructions in a language that it understa

Computer Languages

计算机语言

A computer must be given instructions in a language that it understands, that is, a particular pattern of binary digital information. On the earliest computers, programming was a difficult, laborious task, because vacuum tube ON/OFF switches had to be set by hand. Teams of programmers often took days to program simple tasks, such as sorting a list of names. Since that time a number of computer languages have been devised, some with particular kinds of functioning in mind and others aimed more at ease of use-the user-friendly approach.

Machine Language

Unfortunately, the computer's own binary based language, or machine language, is difficult for humans to use. The programmer must input every command and all data in binary form, and a basic operation such as comparing the contents of a register to the data in a memory chip location might look like this: 11001010 00010111 11110101 00101011. Machine language programming is such a tedious, time-consuming task that the time saved in running the program rarely justifies the days or weeks needed to write the program.

Assembly Language

One method programmers devised to shorten and simplify the process is called assembly language programming. By assigning a short (usually three letter) mnemonic code to each machine language command, assembly language programs could be written and-debugged-cleaned of logic and date errors-in a fraction of the time needed by machine language programmers. In assembly language, each mnemonic command and its symbolic operands equals one machine instruction. An assembler program translates the mnemonic opcodes (operation codes) and symbolic operands into binary language and executes the program. Assembly language is a type of low level computer programming language in which each statement corresponds directly to a single machine instruction. Assembly languages are, thus, specific to a given processor. After writing an assembly language program, the programmer must use the assembler language into machine code. Assembly language provides precise control of the computer, but assembly language programs written for one type of computer must be rewritten to operate on another type. Assembly language might be used instead of a high levcl language for any of three major reasons: speed, control, and preference. Programs written in assembly language usually run faster than those generated by a compiler; use of assembly language lets a programmer interact directly with the hardware (processor, memory, display, and input/output ports). Assembly language, however, can be used only with one type of CPU chip or microprocessor. Programmers who expended much time and effort to learn how to program one computer had to learn a new programming style each time they worked on another machine. What was needed was a shorthand method by which one symbolic statement could represent a sequence of many machine language instructions, and a way that would allow the same program to run on several types of machines. These needs led to the development of so-called high level languages.

High Level Languages

High level languages often use English-Iike words-for example, LIST, PRINT, OPEN, and so on-as commands that might stand for a sequence of tens or hundreds of machine language instructions. The commands are entered from the keyboard or from a program in memory or in a storage device, and they are interpreted by a program that translates them into machine language instructions.

Translator programs are of two kinds: interpreters and compilers. With an interpreter, programs that loop back to reexecute part of their instructions reinterpret the same instructions each time it appears, so interpreted programs run much more slowly than machine language programs. Compilers, by contrast, translate an entire program into machine language prior to execution, so such programs run as rapidly as though they were written directly in machine language.

American computer scientist Grace Hopper is credited with implementing the first commercially oriented computer language. After programming an experimental computer at Harvard University^[1], she worked on the UNIVAC^[2]I and II computers and developed a commercially usable high level programming language called FLOW MATIC to facilitate computer use in scientific applications. IBM^[3]then developed a language that would simplify work involving complicated mathematical formulas. Begun in 1954 and completed in 1957, FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslator)^[4]was the first comprehensive high level programming language that was widely used. In 1957, the Association for Computing Machinery^[5]set out to develop a universal language that would correct some of FORTRAN' s perceived faults. A year later, they released ALGOL^[6](ALGOrithmic Language), another scientifically oriented language; widely used in Europe in the 1960s and 1970s, it has since been superseded by newer languages, while FORTRAN continues to be used because of the huge investment in existing programs. COBOL^[7](COmmon Business Oriented Language), a commercial and business programming language, concentrates on data organization and file handling and is widely used today in business.

BASIC^[8](Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) was developed at Dartmouth College in the early 1960s for use by nonprofessional computer users. The language came into almost universal use with the microcomputer explosion of the 1970s and 1980s. Condemned as slow, inefficient, and inelegant by its detractors, BASIC is nevertheless simple to learn and easy to use. Because many early microcomputers were sold with BASIC built into the hardware (in ROM memory) the language rapidly came into widespread use. As a very simple example of a BASIC program, consider the addition of the numbers 1 and 2, and the display of the result. This is written as follows (the numerals 10-40 are line numbers):

10 A=1

20 B=2

30 C=A+B

40 PRINT C

Although hundreds of different computer languages and variants exist, several others deserve mention. PASCAL^[9], originally designed as a teaching tool, is now one of the most popular microcomputer languages. LOGO was developed to introduce children to computers. C, a language Bell Laboratories designed in the 1970s, is widely used in developing systems programs, such as language translators. LISP^[10]and PROLOG are widely used in artificial intelligence.

COBOL

COBOL, in computer science, acronym for COmmon Business-oriented language, is a verbose, English-like programming language developed between 1959 and 1961. Its establishment as a required language by the U. S. Department of Defense, its emphasis on data structures. and its English-like syntax (compared to those of FORTRAN and ALGOL) led to its widespread acceptance and usage, especially in business applications. Programs written in COBOL, which is a compiled language, are split into four divisions: Identification, Environment, Data, and Procedure. The Identification division specifies the name of the program and contains any other documentation the programmer wants to add. The Environment division specifies the computer(s) being used and the files used in the program for input and output. The Data division describes the data used in the program. The Procedure division contains the procedures that dictate the actions of the program.

C & C++

A widely used programming language, C was developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories in 1972; it was so named because its immediate predecessor was the B programming language. Although C is considered by many to be more a machine independent assembly language than a high level language, its close association with the UNIX^[11]operating system, its enormous popularity, and its standardization by the American National Standards Institute (ANSl)^[12]have made it perhaps the closest thing to a standard programming language in the microcomputer/workstation marketplace. C is a compiled language that contains a small set of built in functions that are machine dependent. The rest of the C functions are machine independent and are contained in libraries that can be accessed from C programs. C programs are composed of one or more functions defined by the programmer; thus, C is a structured programming language. C+ +, in computer science, is an object oriented version of the C programming language, developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the early 1980s at Bell Laboratories and adopted by a number of vendors, including Apple Computer, Sun Microsystems, Borland International, and Microsoft Corporation.

Notes

[1]Harvard University：美国哈佛大学。

[2]UNIVAC(Universal Automatic Computer)：通用自动计算机。

[3]IBM(International Business Machine Corp)：国际商用机器公司。

[4]FORTRAN(FORmula TRANslator)：公式翻译程序设计语言。

[5]the Association for Computing Machinery：计算机协会(美国)。

[6]ALGOL(ALGOrithmic Language)：面向代数的语言。

[7]COBOL(Common Business Oriented Language)：面向商业的通用语言。

[8]BASIC(Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)：初学者通用符号指令码。

[9]PASCAL(Philips Automatic Sequence Calculator)：菲利浦自动顺序计算机语言。

[10]LISP(List Process)：表处理程序，或表处理语言。

[11]UNIX(Uniplexed Information and Computer Systems)：UNIX操作系统，1969年在

AT&T Bell实验室开发的多用户多任务操作系统。

[12]ANSI(American National Standards Institute)：美国国家标准学(协)会。

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第8题

In the year 2100, the world is going to have a population of about 8 billion. Most scienti

sts agree that the most severe problem is food supply. Who is going to feed all these people？ Where is the food going to come from？ Are we going to have enough food？ Are we going to produce more artificial foods？ One way of improving the situation is for people to eat less meat. Why？ Because it takes 4 kilos of grain protein(蛋白质)to produce half a kilo of meat protein. Clearly, there is not going to be sufficient meat protein for 8 billion people. Therefore, it will also be necessary to change eating habits because meat is the main part of many people s food today. A possible solution to this latter problem is the soybean(大豆). The soybean plant produces beans which have a very high fat and protein content. Scientists can now make these look and taste like real meat. They can also make many other artificial products such as soybean milk, for example, which has a taste of milk and can be used in cooking in very much the same ways as cow s milk. In fact, one woman in the United States fed her family only on soybeans for a year! She gave them soybean beef, soybean chicken, soybean milk, and sometimes just soybeans. Possibly, we are all going to eat soybeans in the future and finally give up meat completely from our tables.

What is the main subject of the passage？

A．A solution to man"s food problem.

B．A solution to the population problem.

C．Advantages of soybean.

D．How to develop good eating habits.

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第9题

阅读文章，回答下列各题： Americans and Arabs ale different in theirspace habits．Arabsprefe

r close contact．Dr．Hallhas explained that the Arabs belong to a touch Culture and in conversation；they alwaysenvelop the other person．Theyhold his hand，look into his eyes，and bathe him in theirbreath． Dr．Hall’S interest in man’suse of space developed in the early nineteen fifties when hewas Director of thePoint Four training program at the Foreign Service Institute．In talking withAmericans who had lived overseas，he found that many of them had been highly uncomfortablebecause ofculture differences．Such discomfort is usually referredto as culture shock． The problem is that，relatively speakin9；Americans live in a no contact．Partly，this is aproduct of our puritan heritage(清教徒文化遗产)．Dr．Hall points outthat we spend yearsteaching our children not to crowd in and lean on us．And in situations where we ourselves areforced to stand close toanother person on crowded subways，for example，we turn our eyes a—way，and if actual bodycontact is involved，tense the muscles on the contactside．Most of USfeel very stronsty that this is the onlyproper way to behave． When the Arabs talk to you，they_________．

A.try to be as close to youas possible

B.keep a certain space fromyou

C.hold you tightly

D.do not allow you to feeltheir breath

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第10题

In the 19th century, it was common to hear people in Europe and America say that the res

ources of the sea were unlimited. For example, a famous biologist said () the mid 1800s that resources of the sea were (). Today there's () that the resources of the sea are as seriously threatened as () of the land and the ai (), the threat to fish is greater () than the threat to birds and land animals because fish are a () needed food resource. Many people throughout the world () fish as an important part of their food and a reduction () the fish supply could have wide () on hunger and the population. Fishermen in the Atlantic, every year, () 20 billion pounds of fish to () food demands. But it is important to () that these practices cannot continue () the using up of the fish resources within the next few years.

Sea resources are () declining in many parts of the world and the problem cannot be (). It is only () care and planning in this generation () the food () of the sea can continue () future generations.

1、A) on B) in C) at D) by

2、A) exhaustible B) inexhaustible C) vast D) uncountable

3、A) fact B) event C) evidence D) trend

4、A) that B) those C) which D) what

5、A) Furthermore B) Regardless of C) Fortunately D) In addition to

6、A) by the way B) under way C) in some ways D) to such an extent

7、A) many B) as C) much D) such

8、A) apply B) utilize C) organize D) depend on

9、A) for B) at C) in D) on

10、A) affects B) results C) effects D) significance

11、A) get B) breed C) consume D) devise

12、A) provide B) meet C) supply D) present

13、A) refer B) represent C) recognize D) reveal

11、A) by B) for C) in D) with

15、A) rapidly B) almost C) frequently D) effectively

16、A) considered B) adapted C) ignored D) acquired

17、A) with B) under C) in D) by

18、A) in which B) by which C) in this way D) that

19、A) deposits B) supplies C) components D) blocks

20、A) with B) by C) for D) on

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第11题

从供选择的答案中选出应填入下面一段英文中______内的正确答案。 Each page element （division or section,

从供选择的答案中选出应填入下面一段英文中______内的正确答案。

Each page element (division or section, heading, paragraph, image, list, and so forth) is(1)viewed as an "object." (Microsoft calls this the "Dynamic HTML Object Model." Netscape calls it the "HTML Object Model." W3C calls it the "Document Object Model.") For example, each(2)heading on a page can be named, given attributes of text style and color, and addressed by(3)name in a small program or "script" included on the page. This heading or any other element on the page can be changed as the result of a(4)specified event such as mouse passing over or being(5)clicked or a time elapsing. Or an image can be moved from one place to another by "dragging and dropping" the image(6)object with the mouse. These event possibilities can be viewed as the(7)reaction capabilities ofthe element or object. Any change takes place immediately since all variations of all(8)elements or objects have been sent as part of the same page from the Web server that sent the page. Thus, variations can be thought ofas different(9)properties ofthe object.

Not only can element variations change text wording or color but also everything contained within a heading object can be(10)replaced with new content that includes different or additional HTML as well as different text. Microsoft calls this the "Text Range technology."

供选择的答案：

1．reaction 2．specified 3．elements 4．name 5．clicked

6．viewed 7．object 8．heading 9．replaced 10．properties

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